📚 English – Class 7 – Chapter: Active-Passive Voice
🔄 Active-Passive Voice – कर्तृवाच्य एवं कर्मवाच्य
जानें Active Voice (कर्तृवाच्य) और Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य) – सभी Tenses, Modal Verbs, Imperative, Interrogative –
Hindi → English Translation पर विशेष जोर – क्योंकि हिंदी में Passive का प्रयोग बहुत ज्यादा होता है – प्रत्येक नियम के कम से कम 5 उदाहरण।
📋 Chapter Overview – एक नज़र में
इस अध्याय के सभी महत्वपूर्ण विषय – किसी भी कार्ड पर क्लिक करें और सीधे उस भाग पर पहुँचें।
📚
Active-Passive – परिचय
Introduction
📝
Rules – नियम
Conversion Rules
🟢
Present Tenses
वर्तमान काल
🔴
Past Tenses
भूतकाल
🟣
Future Tenses
भविष्यत काल
⚡
Modal Auxiliaries
सहायक क्रियाएँ
🌟
Special Cases
दो Objects, Imperative, Interrogative
📊
Comparison Chart
सभी Tenses में Passive
🔄
Translation Practice
हिंदी → English
📖
सारांश
Summary
🧠
Practice Quiz
30 Questions
🧩
Match the Following
25 Pairs
📖 अध्याय सामग्री (Chapter Content)
1
Active & Passive Voice – परिचय एवं महत्व
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Voice (वाच्य) – क्रिया (Verb) का वह रूप जो यह दिखाता है कि Subject (कर्ता) क्रिया कर रहा है या उस पर क्रिया हो रही है।
- Active Voice (कर्तृवाच्य): Subject स्वयं क्रिया करता है – Subject + Verb + Object
✅ हिंदी: मैं सेब खाता हूँ। → I eat an apple. - Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य): Subject पर क्रिया होती है – Object + be + V3 + by + Subject
✅ हिंदी: सेब मुझसे खाया जाता है। → An apple is eaten by me.
🔹 हिंदी में Passive का अधिक प्रयोग क्यों?
- हिंदी में 'मुझसे', 'उससे', 'हमसे' (by me/him/us) का प्रयोग बहुत आम है – जो Passive Voice को दर्शाता है।
- जैसे: "यह काम मुझसे नहीं होता।" → Passive: "This work is not done by me."
- हिंदी में 'किया जाता है', 'किया गया', 'किया जाएगा' – ये सभी Passive Voice के संकेत हैं।
- इसलिए Hindi → English Translation में Passive Voice का सही प्रयोग करना बहुत ज़रूरी है।
🔄 Active vs Passive – Structure Comparison
चित्र 1: Active और Passive Voice की संरचना – हिंदी में Passive का अधिक प्रयोग
📚 Active-Passive: Active (कर्ता करता है) → Passive (कर्म पर क्रिया होती है) – हिंदी में Passive अधिक प्रयोग होता है – Translation के लिए महत्वपूर्ण।
2
Rules – Active से Passive में बदलने के नियम
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🔹 General Rules (सामान्य नियम)
- 1. Object becomes Subject: Active का Object → Passive का Subject
- 2. Verb changes: 'be' (appropriate form) + V3 (Past Participle)
- 3. Subject becomes Object: Active का Subject → Passive में 'by' के साथ
- 4. Tense remains same: Tense नहीं बदलता, केवल Verb Form बदलता है।
- 5. For Modal Verbs: Modal + be + V3
🔹 Step-by-Step Conversion (चरणबद्ध विधि)
Active: Subject + Verb + Object
Step 1: Object को Subject बनाएं।
Step 2: Tense के अनुसार 'be' verb (is/am/are/was/were/has been/have been/had been/will be/shall be/will have been etc.) + V3 लगाएं।
Step 3: Subject को 'by' के साथ Object बनाएं (यदि आवश्यक हो)।
Passive: Object (new subject) + be + V3 + by + Subject (new object)
Example 1:
Active: राम एक किताब पढ़ता है।
Ram reads a book.
Passive: एक किताब राम द्वारा पढ़ी जाती है।
A book is read by Ram.
Example 2:
Active: मैंने सेब खाया।
I ate an apple.
Passive: सेब मुझसे खाया गया।
An apple was eaten by me.
Active: राम एक किताब पढ़ता है।
Ram reads a book.
Passive: एक किताब राम द्वारा पढ़ी जाती है।
A book is read by Ram.
Example 2:
Active: मैंने सेब खाया।
I ate an apple.
Passive: सेब मुझसे खाया गया।
An apple was eaten by me.
📝 Rules: Object → Subject, Verb → be + V3, Subject → by + object – Tense अपरिवर्तित रहता है।
3
Present Tenses – Passive Voice (वर्तमान काल)
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Present Tense Passive Voice – सभी 4 उपप्रकार:
1️⃣ Present Indefinite (Simple Present)
Formula
Object + is/am/are + V3 + by + Subject
1. मैं सेब खाता हूँ। → सेब मुझसे खाया जाता है।
I eat an apple. → An apple is eaten by me.
2. वह किताब पढ़ता है। → किताब उससे पढ़ी जाती है।
He reads a book. → A book is read by him.
3. हम गाना गाते हैं। → गाना हमसे गाया जाता है।
We sing a song. → A song is sung by us.
4. तुम पानी पीते हो। → पानी तुमसे पिया जाता है।
You drink water. → Water is drunk by you.
5. वे खाना खाते हैं। → खाना उनसे खाया जाता है।
They eat food. → Food is eaten by them.
I eat an apple. → An apple is eaten by me.
2. वह किताब पढ़ता है। → किताब उससे पढ़ी जाती है।
He reads a book. → A book is read by him.
3. हम गाना गाते हैं। → गाना हमसे गाया जाता है।
We sing a song. → A song is sung by us.
4. तुम पानी पीते हो। → पानी तुमसे पिया जाता है।
You drink water. → Water is drunk by you.
5. वे खाना खाते हैं। → खाना उनसे खाया जाता है।
They eat food. → Food is eaten by them.
2️⃣ Present Continuous
Formula
Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by + Subject
1. मैं सेब खा रहा हूँ। → सेब मुझसे खाया जा रहा है।
I am eating an apple. → An apple is being eaten by me.
2. वह किताब पढ़ रहा है। → किताब उससे पढ़ी जा रही है।
He is reading a book. → A book is being read by him.
3. हम गाना गा रहे हैं। → गाना हमसे गाया जा रहा है।
We are singing a song. → A song is being sung by us.
4. तुम पानी पी रहे हो। → पानी तुमसे पिया जा रहा है।
You are drinking water. → Water is being drunk by you.
5. वे खाना खा रहे हैं। → खाना उनसे खाया जा रहा है।
They are eating food. → Food is being eaten by them.
I am eating an apple. → An apple is being eaten by me.
2. वह किताब पढ़ रहा है। → किताब उससे पढ़ी जा रही है।
He is reading a book. → A book is being read by him.
3. हम गाना गा रहे हैं। → गाना हमसे गाया जा रहा है।
We are singing a song. → A song is being sung by us.
4. तुम पानी पी रहे हो। → पानी तुमसे पिया जा रहा है।
You are drinking water. → Water is being drunk by you.
5. वे खाना खा रहे हैं। → खाना उनसे खाया जा रहा है।
They are eating food. → Food is being eaten by them.
3️⃣ Present Perfect
Formula
Object + has/have + been + V3 + by + Subject
1. मैंने सेब खाया है। → सेब मुझसे खाया गया है।
I have eaten an apple. → An apple has been eaten by me.
2. उसने किताब पढ़ी है। → किताब उससे पढ़ी गई है।
He has read a book. → A book has been read by him.
3. हमने गाना गाया है। → गाना हमसे गाया गया है।
We have sung a song. → A song has been sung by us.
4. तुमने पानी पिया है। → पानी तुमसे पिया गया है।
You have drunk water. → Water has been drunk by you.
5. उन्होंने खाना खाया है। → खाना उनसे खाया गया है।
They have eaten food. → Food has been eaten by them.
I have eaten an apple. → An apple has been eaten by me.
2. उसने किताब पढ़ी है। → किताब उससे पढ़ी गई है।
He has read a book. → A book has been read by him.
3. हमने गाना गाया है। → गाना हमसे गाया गया है।
We have sung a song. → A song has been sung by us.
4. तुमने पानी पिया है। → पानी तुमसे पिया गया है।
You have drunk water. → Water has been drunk by you.
5. उन्होंने खाना खाया है। → खाना उनसे खाया गया है।
They have eaten food. → Food has been eaten by them.
🟢 Present Tenses Passive: Indefinite (is/am/are + V3), Continuous (is/am/are + being + V3), Perfect (has/have + been + V3) – हिंदी में 'जाता है', 'जा रहा है', 'गया है'।
4
Past Tenses – Passive Voice (भूतकाल)
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Past Tense Passive Voice – सभी 4 उपप्रकार:
1️⃣ Past Indefinite (Simple Past)
Formula
Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject
1. मैंने सेब खाया। → सेब मुझसे खाया गया।
I ate an apple. → An apple was eaten by me.
2. उसने किताब पढ़ी। → किताब उससे पढ़ी गई।
He read a book. → A book was read by him.
3. हमने गाना गाया। → गाना हमसे गाया गया।
We sang a song. → A song was sung by us.
4. तुमने पानी पिया। → पानी तुमसे पिया गया।
You drank water. → Water was drunk by you.
5. उन्होंने खाना खाया। → खाना उनसे खाया गया।
They ate food. → Food was eaten by them.
I ate an apple. → An apple was eaten by me.
2. उसने किताब पढ़ी। → किताब उससे पढ़ी गई।
He read a book. → A book was read by him.
3. हमने गाना गाया। → गाना हमसे गाया गया।
We sang a song. → A song was sung by us.
4. तुमने पानी पिया। → पानी तुमसे पिया गया।
You drank water. → Water was drunk by you.
5. उन्होंने खाना खाया। → खाना उनसे खाया गया।
They ate food. → Food was eaten by them.
2️⃣ Past Continuous
Formula
Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject
1. मैं सेब खा रहा था। → सेब मुझसे खाया जा रहा था।
I was eating an apple. → An apple was being eaten by me.
2. वह किताब पढ़ रहा था। → किताब उससे पढ़ी जा रही थी।
He was reading a book. → A book was being read by him.
3. हम गाना गा रहे थे। → गाना हमसे गाया जा रहा था।
We were singing a song. → A song was being sung by us.
4. तुम पानी पी रहे थे। → पानी तुमसे पिया जा रहा था।
You were drinking water. → Water was being drunk by you.
5. वे खाना खा रहे थे। → खाना उनसे खाया जा रहा था।
They were eating food. → Food was being eaten by them.
I was eating an apple. → An apple was being eaten by me.
2. वह किताब पढ़ रहा था। → किताब उससे पढ़ी जा रही थी।
He was reading a book. → A book was being read by him.
3. हम गाना गा रहे थे। → गाना हमसे गाया जा रहा था।
We were singing a song. → A song was being sung by us.
4. तुम पानी पी रहे थे। → पानी तुमसे पिया जा रहा था।
You were drinking water. → Water was being drunk by you.
5. वे खाना खा रहे थे। → खाना उनसे खाया जा रहा था।
They were eating food. → Food was being eaten by them.
3️⃣ Past Perfect
Formula
Object + had + been + V3 + by + Subject
1. मैंने सेब खाया था। → सेब मुझसे खाया गया था।
I had eaten an apple. → An apple had been eaten by me.
2. उसने किताब पढ़ी थी। → किताब उससे पढ़ी गई थी।
He had read a book. → A book had been read by him.
3. हमने गाना गाया था। → गाना हमसे गाया गया था।
We had sung a song. → A song had been sung by us.
4. तुमने पानी पिया था। → पानी तुमसे पिया गया था।
You had drunk water. → Water had been drunk by you.
5. उन्होंने खाना खाया था। → खाना उनसे खाया गया था।
They had eaten food. → Food had been eaten by them.
I had eaten an apple. → An apple had been eaten by me.
2. उसने किताब पढ़ी थी। → किताब उससे पढ़ी गई थी।
He had read a book. → A book had been read by him.
3. हमने गाना गाया था। → गाना हमसे गाया गया था।
We had sung a song. → A song had been sung by us.
4. तुमने पानी पिया था। → पानी तुमसे पिया गया था।
You had drunk water. → Water had been drunk by you.
5. उन्होंने खाना खाया था। → खाना उनसे खाया गया था।
They had eaten food. → Food had been eaten by them.
🔴 Past Tenses Passive: Indefinite (was/were + V3), Continuous (was/were + being + V3), Perfect (had + been + V3) – हिंदी में 'गया', 'जा रहा था', 'गया था'।
5
Future Tenses – Passive Voice (भविष्यत काल)
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Future Tense Passive Voice – सभी 4 उपप्रकार:
1️⃣ Future Indefinite (Simple Future)
Formula
Object + will/shall + be + V3 + by + Subject
1. मैं सेब खाऊँगा। → सेब मुझसे खाया जाएगा।
I will eat an apple. → An apple will be eaten by me.
2. वह किताब पढ़ेगा। → किताब उससे पढ़ी जाएगी।
He will read a book. → A book will be read by him.
3. हम गाना गाएँगे। → गाना हमसे गाया जाएगा।
We will sing a song. → A song will be sung by us.
4. तुम पानी पिओगे। → पानी तुमसे पिया जाएगा।
You will drink water. → Water will be drunk by you.
5. वे खाना खाएँगे। → खाना उनसे खाया जाएगा।
They will eat food. → Food will be eaten by them.
I will eat an apple. → An apple will be eaten by me.
2. वह किताब पढ़ेगा। → किताब उससे पढ़ी जाएगी।
He will read a book. → A book will be read by him.
3. हम गाना गाएँगे। → गाना हमसे गाया जाएगा।
We will sing a song. → A song will be sung by us.
4. तुम पानी पिओगे। → पानी तुमसे पिया जाएगा।
You will drink water. → Water will be drunk by you.
5. वे खाना खाएँगे। → खाना उनसे खाया जाएगा।
They will eat food. → Food will be eaten by them.
2️⃣ Future Continuous (में Passive नहीं बनता)
⚠️ Future Continuous Passive: 'will be being + V3' – अत्यंत दुर्लभ और अप्राकृतिक – आमतौर पर नहीं बनाया जाता।
3️⃣ Future Perfect
Formula
Object + will have + been + V3 + by + Subject
1. मैंने सेब खा लिया होगा। → सेब मुझसे खा लिया गया होगा।
I will have eaten an apple. → An apple will have been eaten by me.
2. उसने किताब पढ़ ली होगी। → किताब उससे पढ़ ली गई होगी।
He will have read a book. → A book will have been read by him.
3. हमने गाना गा लिया होगा। → गाना हमसे गा लिया गया होगा।
We will have sung a song. → A song will have been sung by us.
4. तुमने पानी पी लिया होगा। → पानी तुमसे पी लिया गया होगा।
You will have drunk water. → Water will have been drunk by you.
5. उन्होंने खाना खा लिया होगा। → खाना उनसे खा लिया गया होगा।
They will have eaten food. → Food will have been eaten by them.
I will have eaten an apple. → An apple will have been eaten by me.
2. उसने किताब पढ़ ली होगी। → किताब उससे पढ़ ली गई होगी।
He will have read a book. → A book will have been read by him.
3. हमने गाना गा लिया होगा। → गाना हमसे गा लिया गया होगा।
We will have sung a song. → A song will have been sung by us.
4. तुमने पानी पी लिया होगा। → पानी तुमसे पी लिया गया होगा।
You will have drunk water. → Water will have been drunk by you.
5. उन्होंने खाना खा लिया होगा। → खाना उनसे खा लिया गया होगा।
They will have eaten food. → Food will have been eaten by them.
🟣 Future Tenses Passive: Indefinite (will + be + V3), Perfect (will have + been + V3) – हिंदी में 'जाएगा', 'गया होगा'। Future Continuous Passive का प्रयोग नहीं।
6
Modal Auxiliaries – Passive Voice
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Modal Auxiliaries + Passive Voice – Formula:
⚡ Formula
Subject + Modal + be + V3 + (by + Agent)
🔹 Examples – Hindi → English Translation
1. (Can) मैं यह कर सकता हूँ। → यह मुझसे किया जा सकता है।
I can do this. → This can be done by me.
2. (Could) वह यह कर सकता था। → यह उससे किया जा सकता था।
He could do this. → This could be done by him.
3. (May) तुम यह कर सकते हो। → यह तुमसे किया जा सकता है।
You may do this. → This may be done by you.
4. (Might) वह यह कर सकता है (शायद)। → यह उससे किया जा सकता है (शायद)।
He might do this. → This might be done by him.
5. (Should) तुम्हें यह करना चाहिए। → यह तुमसे किया जाना चाहिए।
You should do this. → This should be done by you.
6. (Must) उसे यह करना चाहिए। → यह उससे किया जाना चाहिए।
He must do this. → This must be done by him.
7. (Ought to) हमें यह करना चाहिए। → यह हमसे किया जाना चाहिए।
We ought to do this. → This ought to be done by us.
8. (Would) वह यह करेगा (Polite)। → यह उससे किया जाएगा।
He would do this. → This would be done by him.
I can do this. → This can be done by me.
2. (Could) वह यह कर सकता था। → यह उससे किया जा सकता था।
He could do this. → This could be done by him.
3. (May) तुम यह कर सकते हो। → यह तुमसे किया जा सकता है।
You may do this. → This may be done by you.
4. (Might) वह यह कर सकता है (शायद)। → यह उससे किया जा सकता है (शायद)।
He might do this. → This might be done by him.
5. (Should) तुम्हें यह करना चाहिए। → यह तुमसे किया जाना चाहिए।
You should do this. → This should be done by you.
6. (Must) उसे यह करना चाहिए। → यह उससे किया जाना चाहिए।
He must do this. → This must be done by him.
7. (Ought to) हमें यह करना चाहिए। → यह हमसे किया जाना चाहिए।
We ought to do this. → This ought to be done by us.
8. (Would) वह यह करेगा (Polite)। → यह उससे किया जाएगा।
He would do this. → This would be done by him.
⚡ Modals Passive: Modal + be + V3 – 'किया जा सकता है', 'किया जाना चाहिए' – सभी Modals के साथ Passive बनता है।
7
Special Cases – Two Objects, Imperative, Interrogative
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🔹 Verbs with Two Objects (दो Objects वाली क्रियाएँ)
- जैसे: give, send, teach, tell, show, offer, etc.
- दो Passive Structures बन सकते हैं – Object 1 (Indirect) या Object 2 (Direct) को Subject बनाकर।
Active: मैंने उसे एक किताब दी।
I gave him a book.
Passive 1: उसे मुझसे एक किताब दी गई।
He was given a book by me.
Passive 2: एक किताब मुझसे उसे दी गई।
A book was given to him by me.
I gave him a book.
Passive 1: उसे मुझसे एक किताब दी गई।
He was given a book by me.
Passive 2: एक किताब मुझसे उसे दी गई।
A book was given to him by me.
Active: शिक्षक ने छात्रों को एक पाठ पढ़ाया।
The teacher taught the students a lesson.
Passive 1: छात्रों को शिक्षक द्वारा एक पाठ पढ़ाया गया।
The students were taught a lesson by the teacher.
Passive 2: एक पाठ शिक्षक द्वारा छात्रों को पढ़ाया गया।
A lesson was taught to the students by the teacher.
The teacher taught the students a lesson.
Passive 1: छात्रों को शिक्षक द्वारा एक पाठ पढ़ाया गया।
The students were taught a lesson by the teacher.
Passive 2: एक पाठ शिक्षक द्वारा छात्रों को पढ़ाया गया।
A lesson was taught to the students by the teacher.
🔹 Imperative Sentences (आज्ञावाचक वाक्य) – Passive
- Formula: Let + Object + be + V3
- Negative: Let + Object + not + be + V3
1. दरवाजा खोलो। → दरवाजा खोला जाए।
Open the door. → Let the door be opened.
2. यह काम करो। → यह काम किया जाए।
Do this work. → Let this work be done.
3. किताब मत खोलो। → किताब न खोली जाए।
Don't open the book. → Let the book not be opened.
4. इसे मत छुओ। → इसे न छुआ जाए।
Don't touch this. → Let this not be touched.
Open the door. → Let the door be opened.
2. यह काम करो। → यह काम किया जाए।
Do this work. → Let this work be done.
3. किताब मत खोलो। → किताब न खोली जाए।
Don't open the book. → Let the book not be opened.
4. इसे मत छुओ। → इसे न छुआ जाए।
Don't touch this. → Let this not be touched.
🔹 Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य) – Passive
- सहायक क्रिया (Auxiliary) वाक्य के आरंभ में आती है – फिर Object + be + V3 + by + Subject
1. क्या तुम यह कर सकते हो? → क्या यह तुमसे किया जा सकता है?
Can you do this? → Can this be done by you?
2. क्या राम ने किताब पढ़ी? → क्या किताब राम द्वारा पढ़ी गई?
Did Ram read a book? → Was a book read by Ram?
3. क्या वह पानी पीएगा? → क्या पानी उससे पिया जाएगा?
Will he drink water? → Will water be drunk by him?
Can you do this? → Can this be done by you?
2. क्या राम ने किताब पढ़ी? → क्या किताब राम द्वारा पढ़ी गई?
Did Ram read a book? → Was a book read by Ram?
3. क्या वह पानी पीएगा? → क्या पानी उससे पिया जाएगा?
Will he drink water? → Will water be drunk by him?
🌟 Special Cases: Two Objects (2 Passive structures), Imperative (Let + Object + be + V3), Interrogative (Auxiliary + Object + be + V3 + by + Subject) – सभी नियमों का ध्यान रखें।
8
Comparison Chart – Active vs Passive (All Tenses)
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Active vs Passive – सभी Tenses का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन:
| Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice | Hindi Translation (Passive) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present Indefinite | I eat an apple. | An apple is eaten by me. | सेब मुझसे खाया जाता है। |
| Present Continuous | I am eating an apple. | An apple is being eaten by me. | सेब मुझसे खाया जा रहा है। |
| Present Perfect | I have eaten an apple. | An apple has been eaten by me. | सेब मुझसे खाया गया है। |
| Past Indefinite | I ate an apple. | An apple was eaten by me. | सेब मुझसे खाया गया। |
| Past Continuous | I was eating an apple. | An apple was being eaten by me. | सेब मुझसे खाया जा रहा था। |
| Past Perfect | I had eaten an apple. | An apple had been eaten by me. | सेब मुझसे खाया गया था। |
| Future Indefinite | I will eat an apple. | An apple will be eaten by me. | सेब मुझसे खाया जाएगा। |
| Future Perfect | I will have eaten an apple. | An apple will have been eaten by me. | सेब मुझसे खाया गया होगा। |
| Modal (Can) | I can eat an apple. | An apple can be eaten by me. | सेब मुझसे खाया जा सकता है। |
| Modal (Should) | I should eat an apple. | An apple should be eaten by me. | सेब मुझसे खाया जाना चाहिए। |
| Modal (Must) | I must eat an apple. | An apple must be eaten by me. | सेब मुझसे खाया जाना चाहिए (अत्यधिक)। |
📊 Comparison Chart: सभी Tenses और Modals में Active vs Passive – हिंदी में Passive के अधिक प्रयोग को ध्यान में रखें।
9
Translation Practice – Active to Passive (Hindi → English)
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Translation Practice – हिंदी Passive वाक्यों का English Passive में अनुवाद:
| # | Hindi Passive Sentence | English Passive Translation | Tense/Modal |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | सेब मुझसे खाया जाता है। | An apple is eaten by me. | Present Indefinite |
| 2 | किताब उससे पढ़ी जा रही है। | A book is being read by him. | Present Continuous |
| 3 | गाना हमसे गाया गया है। | A song has been sung by us. | Present Perfect |
| 4 | पानी मुझसे पिया गया। | Water was drunk by me. | Past Indefinite |
| 5 | खाना उनसे खाया जा रहा था। | Food was being eaten by them. | Past Continuous |
| 6 | काम हमसे किया गया था। | The work had been done by us. | Past Perfect |
| 7 | फल मुझसे खाए जाएँगे। | Fruits will be eaten by me. | Future Indefinite |
| 8 | पत्र उससे लिखा गया होगा। | The letter will have been written by him. | Future Perfect |
| 9 | यह मुझसे किया जा सकता है। | This can be done by me. | Modal (Can) |
| 10 | यह उससे किया जाना चाहिए। | This should be done by him. | Modal (Should) |
| 11 | क्या यह तुमसे किया जा सकता है? | Can this be done by you? | Interrogative |
| 12 | दरवाजा खोला जाए। | Let the door be opened. | Imperative |
🔄 Translation Practice Tips:
✅ हिंदी Passive वाक्यों को English Passive में बदलते समय Tense और Modal का ध्यान रखें।
✅ 'जाता है' → is + V3, 'जा रहा है' → is being + V3, 'गया है' → has been + V3, आदि।
✅ 'किया जा सकता है' → can be done, 'किया जाना चाहिए' → should be done।
✅ Interrogative में Helping Verb वाक्य के आरंभ में।
✅ Imperative में 'Let + Object + be + V3'।
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सारांश – हमने क्या सीखा
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- Active Voice (कर्तृवाच्य): Subject करता है – Subject + Verb + Object
- Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य): Object पर क्रिया होती है – Object + be + V3 + by + Subject
- हिंदी में Passive का अधिक प्रयोग: 'मुझसे', 'उससे', 'हमसे' → by me/him/us – Translation में महत्वपूर्ण।
- All Tenses Passive:
- Present: is/am/are + V3, is/am/are + being + V3, has/have + been + V3
- Past: was/were + V3, was/were + being + V3, had + been + V3
- Future: will be + V3, will have been + V3 (Future Continuous का Passive नहीं)
- Modal Auxiliaries: Modal + be + V3 – can be, should be, must be, etc.
- Special Cases:
- Two Objects: दो Passive Structures – Indirect और Direct Object के साथ।
- Imperative: Let + Object + be + V3
- Interrogative: Auxiliary + Object + be + V3 + by + Subject
✅ मुख्य बिंदु
Active-Passive Voice – English Grammar का महत्वपूर्ण भाग – हिंदी में Passive का अत्यधिक प्रयोग होता है, इसलिए Translation में Passive Voice का सही प्रयोग आवश्यक है।
सभी Tenses, Modals, Interrogative, Imperative – सभी नियमों का अभ्यास करें।
Practice makes perfect! – अभ्यास से ही Passive Voice में महारत हासिल होती है।
🧠 माइंडमैप – Active-Passive Voice – संपूर्ण सारांश
🔄 Active-Passive Voice – पूरे अध्याय का निष्कर्ष
🟢 Present Tenses
Indefinite: is/am/are + V3
Continuous: is/am/are + being + V3
Perfect: has/have + been + V3
🔴 Past Tenses
Indefinite: was/were + V3
Continuous: was/were + being + V3
Perfect: had + been + V3
🟣 Future Tenses
Indefinite: will + be + V3
Perfect: will have + been + V3
No Continuous Passive
⚡ Modals
Can/Could/May/Might/Shall/Should/Will/Would/Must/Ought to
+ be + V3
🌟 Special Cases
Two Objects → 2 Passive
Imperative: Let + Object + be + V3
Interrogative: Aux + Object + be + V3
🎯 Hindi Passive
'जाता है', 'जा रहा है', 'गया है'
'गया', 'जा रहा था', 'गया था'
'जाएगा', 'गया होगा'
'मुझसे', 'उससे', 'हमसे'
🔄 निष्कर्ष: Active-Passive Voice – सभी Tenses, Modals, Special Cases – हिंदी में Passive का अधिक प्रयोग – Translation के लिए आवश्यक।
अभ्यास (Practice) से ही Passive Voice में महारत हासिल होती है!
अभ्यास (Practice) से ही Passive Voice में महारत हासिल होती है!
🧩 मिलान अभ्यास – Active-Passive Voice
✅ प्रत्येक row में 6 विकल्प दिखेंगे – सही चुनें और तुरंत परिणाम देखें।
🧠 Practice Quiz – Active-Passive Voice
✅ एक बार उत्तर चुनने के बाद बदला नहीं जा सकता।
📝 इस इकाई में हमने सीखा
✔ Active Voice – कर्ता क्रिया करता है
✔ Passive Voice – कर्म पर क्रिया होती है
✔ Present Indefinite Passive – is/am/are + V3
✔ Present Continuous Passive – is/am/are + being + V3
✔ Present Perfect Passive – has/have + been + V3
✔ Past Indefinite Passive – was/were + V3
✔ Past Continuous Passive – was/were + being + V3
✔ Past Perfect Passive – had + been + V3
✔ Future Indefinite Passive – will + be + V3
✔ Future Perfect Passive – will have + been + V3
✔ Modal Passive – Modal + be + V3
✔ Imperative Passive – Let + Object + be + V3
✔ Interrogative Passive – Aux + Object + be + V3 + by
✔ Two Objects – 2 Passive Structures
✔ Quiz Practice – 30 Questions
✔ Matching Exercise – 25 Pairs