🔄 Change of Pronouns & Time/Place Words – Special Practice
SON नियम (Subject–Object–No change) और समय/स्थान के शब्दों को Direct से Indirect में बदलने का विशेष अभ्यास —
सीखें हर नियम को 5-5 उदाहरणों के साथ।
✅ 30 Quiz Questions · ✅ 25 Matching Pairs · ✅ Detailed Notes
🎯 Learning Objectives
📘 Introduction: Pronouns & Time/Place Words
Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलते समय Pronouns (I, we, you, he, she, they, etc.) और Time/Place के शब्द (now, here, today, tomorrow, etc.) बदलते हैं। इन परिवर्तनों का SON (Subject–Object–No change) नियम सबसे महत्वपूर्ण है। इस चैप्टर में हम इन परिवर्तनों का विशेष अभ्यास करेंगे।
📌 Golden Rules – SON (Subject–Object–No change)
- 🔹 First Person (I, we, my, our, me, us) → Subject of Reporting Verb के अनुसार बदलता है।
- 🔹 Second Person (you, your, yours) → Object of Reporting Verb के अनुसार बदलता है।
- 🔹 Third Person (he, she, it, they, him, her, them, their) → No Change (वैसे ही रहता है)।
📌 Time Words: Now→Then, Today→That day, Tomorrow→The next day, Yesterday→The previous day, Ago→Before, Tonight→That night, etc.
📌 Place Words: Here→There, This→That, These→Those, Hence→Thence, etc.
📖 Detailed Notes – Rules with 5 Examples Each
First Person Pronouns (I, we, me, us, my, our, mine, ours) – इनका परिवर्तन Reporting Verb के Subject पर निर्भर करता है।
- यदि Reporting Verb का Subject 'He' है → I → He, We → They, My → His, Our → Their, Me → Him, Us → Them.
- यदि Reporting Verb का Subject 'She' है → I → She, We → They, My → Her, Our → Their, Me → Her, Us → Them.
- यदि Reporting Verb का Subject 'I' है → I → I (same), We → We, My → My, Our → Our, Me → Me, Us → Us (no change).
- यदि Reporting Verb का Subject 'They' है → I → They, We → They, My → Their, Our → Their, Me → Them, Us → Them.
📝 5 Examples:
- He said, "I am happy." → He said that he was happy.
- She said, "We are going." → She said that they were going.
- I said, "My book is here." → I said that my book was there. (Subject 'I' → 'my' remains same)
- They said, "Our team won." → They said that their team had won.
- He said to me, "Give me your pen." → He ordered me to give him my pen. (Subject 'He' → 'me' → 'him')
Second Person Pronouns (you, your, yours) – इनका परिवर्तन Reporting Verb के Object पर निर्भर करता है।
- यदि Reporting Verb का Object 'me' है → you → I, your → my, yours → mine.
- यदि Reporting Verb का Object 'him' है → you → he, your → his, yours → his.
- यदि Reporting Verb का Object 'her' है → you → she, your → her, yours → hers.
- यदि Reporting Verb का Object 'them' है → you → they, your → their, yours → theirs.
- यदि कोई Object नहीं है → you → you ही रहेगा (या 'they' के अनुसार)।
📝 5 Examples:
- He said to me, "You are smart." → He told me that I was smart.
- She said to him, "You are wrong." → She told him that he was wrong.
- I said to her, "Your dress is beautiful." → I told her that her dress was beautiful.
- They said to us, "You can do it." → They told us that we could do it.
- He said to me, "Is this your book?" → He asked me if that was my book.
Third Person Pronouns (he, she, it, they, him, her, them, his, her, its, their) – ये कभी नहीं बदलते (वैसे ही रहते हैं)।
- Direct Speech में चाहे कोई भी Reporting Verb हो, Third Person Pronouns अपरिवर्तित रहते हैं।
- केवल Tense परिवर्तन हो सकता है, लेकिन Pronoun वही रहता है।
- यह SON Rule का सबसे आसान हिस्सा है – क्योंकि कोई बदलाव नहीं होता।
📝 5 Examples:
- He said, "She sings well." → He said that she sang well.
- She said, "They are coming." → She said that they were coming.
- I said, "It is raining." → I said that it was raining.
- They said, "He will help us." → They said that he would help them. (us→them changed, but he remains same)
- He said, "Her book is here." → He said that her book was there. (her remains same)
Time Words का परिवर्तन – जब Reporting Verb Past में हो (या सामान्यतः Direct से Indirect में)।
| Direct | → Indirect | Example |
|---|---|---|
| now | then | "I am reading now." → He said that he was reading then. |
| today | that day | "I am free today." → He said that he was free that day. |
| tonight | that night | "I will come tonight." → He said that he would come that night. |
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day | "I will go tomorrow." → He said that he would go the next day. |
| yesterday | the previous day / the day before | "I came yesterday." → He said that he had come the previous day. |
| ago | before | "I met him a year ago." → He said that he had met him a year before. |
| last night | the previous night | "I saw him last night." → He said that he had seen him the previous night. |
📝 5 Examples:
- She said, "I am leaving now." → She said that she was leaving then.
- He said, "I will come tomorrow." → He said that he would come the next day.
- They said, "We met yesterday." → They said that they had met the previous day.
- He said, "I bought this today." → He said that he had bought that that day.
- She said, "I saw him a year ago." → She said that she had seen him a year before.
Place Words का परिवर्तन – जब Reporting Verb Past में हो (या सामान्यतः Direct से Indirect में)।
| Direct | → Indirect | Example |
|---|---|---|
| here | there | "I live here." → He said that he lived there. |
| this | that | "This is my book." → He said that that was his book. |
| these | those | "These are my friends." → He said that those were his friends. |
| hence | thence | "Go hence." → He ordered me to go thence. |
📝 5 Examples:
- He said, "I live here." → He said that he lived there.
- She said, "This is my pen." → She said that that was her pen.
- They said, "These are our books." → They said that those were their books.
- He said, "I bought this car." → He said that he had bought that car.
- She said, "I am sitting here." → She said that she was sitting there.